Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung: Founder of analytical psychology. Developed concepts of the collective unconscious, archetypes, and individuation. Interpreted dreams as compensatory messages from the unconscious.
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Archetype
Universal symbols and images shared in humanity's collective unconscious, as defined by Carl Jung. Archetypal figures such as the Mother, Hero, and Shadow frequently appear in dreams carrying deep psychological significance.
Collective Unconscious
According to Jung's theory, a shared unconscious realm common to all humanity, independent of individual experience. It is the source of archetypal images and universal symbols.
Shadow
In Jungian psychology, the rejected, repressed dark side of personality. Appears in dreams as enemies, monsters, or unknown dark figures. Confronting the shadow is the beginning of the path to wholeness.
Anima and Animus
According to Jung, the feminine archetype within men (Anima) and the masculine archetype within women (Animus). They appear in dreams as mysterious figures of the opposite sex, symbolizing the quest for inner balance.
Compensation
According to Jung, dreams function to balance our conscious attitudes. An overly optimistic person may have dark dreams; a timid person may dream of courage.
Sigmund Freud
Pioneer of modern dream analysis. With 'The Interpretation of Dreams' (1900), he defined dreams as symbolic expressions of unconscious desires. Developed the free association method.